Question 1

What conditions are corticosteroids used to treat?

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medications used for a wide range of conditions: asthma, allergic reactions, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, skin conditions, and adrenal insufficiency. Prednisone (Deltasone) and prednisolone (Prelone) are among the most prescribed oral corticosteroids. They can be life-saving in severe inflammatory or autoimmune conditions.

Question 2

How do corticosteroids suppress inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids mimic the endogenous hormone cortisol. They bind to glucocorticoid receptors inside cells, translocate to the nucleus, and broadly suppress the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes — including those encoding cytokines, adhesion molecules, and enzymes like COX-2 and phospholipase A2. This systemic suppression of the immune response is what makes them effective for inflammatory conditions but also explains their broad side effect profile.

Question 3

What are the side effects of long-term corticosteroid use?

Accepted Answer

Short-term use is generally well tolerated. Prolonged use can cause weight gain (particularly facial and truncal), increased blood sugar (or frank diabetes), elevated blood pressure, osteoporosis, cataracts, adrenal suppression, increased infection risk, and mood changes including euphoria or depression. Strategies to minimize harm include using the lowest effective dose, alternate-day dosing when possible, and taking calcium and vitamin D supplements for bone protection.

Question 4

Why should corticosteroids not be stopped abruptly?

Accepted Answer

Long-term corticosteroid use suppresses the adrenal glands, which normally produce cortisol. Abrupt discontinuation can trigger adrenal insufficiency — a potentially life-threatening crisis with symptoms including fatigue, low blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and severe weakness. Doses must be tapered gradually to allow the adrenal glands to resume normal function. Always consult your healthcare provider before reducing or stopping a corticosteroid.

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